A total of 79 S. aureus strains and 47 coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) isolates from cow milk suffering subclinical mastitis were investigated for their ability to form biofilm as one of the most important virulence factors. Using Congo Red Agar method, 80% of S. aureus strains were slime producers, while in CNS was 32%. By microtiter plate method, 55%, 17%, and 28% of S. aureus isolates were strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers, respectively, while in CNS the percentages were 43%, 17%, and 40%, respectively. All isolates were screened by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of intercellular adhesion gene A (icaA). In S. aureus isolates the icaA gene was present in 65 % while in CNS was 11%. The majority of S. aureus characterized in this study formed biofilm, which suggests that biofilm formation has an important role in the virulence of S. aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Zulia state

Increasing the bacterial growth rate reduces the time getting the bacteria identification. This is helpful to choose an accurate and quick therapeutic strategy during microbiological infections, avoiding illness complications or in some cases the death. Here, we used bacterial growth method and we evaluated the growth of Staphylococcus aureus including an extract of Chenopodium quinoa, Amaranthus caudatus and Salvia hispanica in the routine culture media. Results show that adding these extracts, at low concentrations, have a protective effect against the cytotoxicity that could be generated by the oxidative stress product of the cellular metabolism of the bacteria growing in vitro and significantly increase the bacterial growth. The addition of these extracts to conventional culture media could improve bacterial growth during a bacteriological diagnosis and to reduce the time of pathogen identification

Some unusual microorganisms have been isolated from samples of patients with oral cavity periodontal disease. The objective of this research was to determine the frequency of Staphylococcus spp. in periodontal pockets based on the epidemiological characteristics of patients attending a dental center in the municipality of San Diego, Carabobo state. Samples from periodontal pockets of 50 patients attending the dental center were studied. The isolated strains were identified by biochemical tests and finally the profile of antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. It was found that the frequency of patients with Staphylococcus spp. was 32%, 16 patients. Staphylococcus Coagulase Negative (SCN) was isolated in 10 patients, followed by S. aureus in 6. Regarding to antimicrobial susceptibility profile, it was determined that of the 6 isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 proved to be Methicillin-resistant. The presence of Staphylococcus spp. in periodontal pockets is low frequency; however in this study, the presence of said microorganism was determined in 32% of the patients studied, which means that these patients are more colonized than what is believed

predisposing factors to cause infection. Digestive and respiratory tracts, along with the genital mucosa (vagina), are the most important reservoirs in humans and origin of endogenous candidiasis. The aim of this study was, determine the prevalence of Candida in vagina of women of reproductive age. 107 vaginal samples were analyzed in the unit of Dental Medical Services at the University of Zulia, on those samples was performed direct examination with methylene blue stain 0.25% and grown in a Sabouraud culture medium, incubated at 28° C for 8 days. The Petri dishes that showed characteristic Candida growth were performed the respective morphological and physiological tests for identification and as a confirmatory test, Chromo Agar selective medium. Of the total number of samples tested, 24 were positive. The highest frequency was in women aged 41- 45 years (25%), followed by the age groups ranging from 21-25años (20.83%) and 26 to 30 years (20.83%). This research showed that the presence of Candida is independent of the diet, presence of symptoms, diabetes and medicament administration

The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted infection prevalent in the world; in spite of despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances. According to estimates in 2012, it was calculated that there were 417 million people infected worldwide. The objective of this project was to detect HSV-2 in indigenous women of the Zulia state, for that 100 women of the Wayúu and Añú ethnic groups, were selected without discriminating age and/or parity. The physician proceeded to sample with an alginate swab, for the processing of the same was used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect HSV-2 in samples of cervical-uterine origin, and cytological diagnosis was made through staining with hematoxylin-eosin. 22% of HSV-2 positive samples were obtained, the results show that a considerable percentage of patients present HSV-2 infection, which is extremely important because it can contribute to the progression of processes inflammatory agents

Chagas disease and toxoplasmosis are health problems characteristic of rural areas. The aim of this research was to determine the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi y Toxoplasma gondii. in community Saimadoyi. 166 serum samples from individuals of both sexes (100 female 66 male and) aged 1-83 years were studied. The determination of antibodies was performed by ELISA using a commercial kit. Trypanosoma cruzi seroprevalence was 51% (87/166), while for Toxoplasma gondii was 57% (95/166). Most positive cases were found in people under 20 years old, however no significant differences with regard to gender or age group for both parasites were found. Epidemiological data showed statistically significant risk factors (p <0.05) for T. cruzi infection were the type of housing, contact with dogs or chipos and soil contamination with feces; while for T. gondii infection, contact with cats and poor hygiene were the significant risks. The high number of seropositives cases in women of reproductive age suggests vertical transmission of both parasites